HISTORY OF BATIK DRESS AND BATIK ART

HISTORY OF BATIK TECHNIQUE

BATIK ART - coloring cloth barrier staining technique using night is one of the ancient art form. Discoveries in Egypt shows that this technique has been known since the 4th century BC, with the discovery of the mummy wrapping cloth which is also coated with a night to form a pattern. In Asia, a similar technique of batik is also applied in China during the Tang Dynasty (618-907) as well as in India and Japan during the Nara Period (645-794). In Africa, such as batik technique known by the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria, as well as the Tribe Soninke and Wolof in Senegal. . In Indonesia, batik is believed to have existed since the time of Majapahit, and became very popular late eighteenth century or early nineteenth century. Produced batik batik is all up to the early twentieth century and new batik known after World War I or around the 1920s.

Although the word "BATIK" is derived from the Javanese, batik presence in Java itself is not recorded. G.P. Rouffaer found batik technique is likely to be introduced from India or Sri Lanka in the 6th century or the 7th. On the other hand, J.L.A. Brandes (Dutch archaeologist) and F.A. Sutjipto (historian Indonesia) believe that the tradition of batik is a native of the area such as Toraja, Flores, Halmahera, and Papua. It should be noted that the region is not an area that is influenced by Hinduism, but is known to have an ancient tradition of making batik.

G.P. Rouffaer also reported that gringsing pattern has been known since the 12th century in Kediri, East Java. He concluded that this pattern could only be formed by using the tool canting, so he found canting found in Java at the time about it.  Detailed carvings that resemble the pattern of batik cloth worn by Prajnaparamita, the statue of the Buddhist goddess of wisdom from the East Java century -13. Detailed apparel featuring patterns vines and flowers complex similar to traditional Javanese batik pattern that can be found today. This suggests that making intricate batik pattern that can only be made with a canting has been known in Java since the 13th century or even earlier.

Legend in Malay literature of the 17th century, Sulalatus Salatin tells Admiral Hang Nadim ordered by Sultan Mahmud to sail to India in order to get 140 pieces of litter fabric with a pattern of 40 types of flowers on each page. Because it is not able to fulfill the order, he makes himself the sheets. But unfortunately shipwrecked on the way home and only capable of carrying four pieces that make the emperor disappointed. By some commentators, who? litter was interpreted as batik.

In European literature, batik technique was first described in the book History of Java (London, 1817) writings of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles. He had been a British Governor in Java during Napoleon occupied the Netherlands. In 1873 a Dutch merchant Van Rijekevorsel gave a piece of batik is obtained during a visit to Indonesia to the Ethnic Museum in Rotterdam and at the beginning of the 19th century that batik began to reach its golden period. When exhibited at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1900, Indonesian batik amaze the public and artists.

Since the industrialization and globalization, which introduces automation techniques, batik new type emerged, known as batik and batik prints, while traditional batik produced by the technique of handwriting using canting and night is called batik. At the same time immigrants from Indonesia Wilayah Persekutuan Malaysia Batik also bring with them.

Now batik has evolved in several places outside Java, even to foreign countries. In Indonesia, batik has also been developed in Aceh with batik Aceh, Riau Cual Batik, Batik Papua, Kalimantan Sasirangan batik and batik Minahasa.

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